Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Metabolic Processes Photosynthesis Essay Example

Metabolic Processes: Photosynthesis Essay Altered True/FalseIndicate whether the sentence or explanation is valid or bogus. Assuming bogus, change the distinguished word or expression to make the sentence or proclamation true.____ 1. The organelle that is extraordinary to eukaryotic photoautotrophs is the chromoplast. _____________________________ 2. Light vitality is chiefly moved by chlorophyll b. _____________________________ 3. At the point when presented to splendid white light chlorophyll fluoresces green. _____________________________ 4. When all is said in done, photosynthesis rates are lower at lower oxygen fixations. ____________________________________________ 5. The area of the H+ store in the chloroplast is the intermembrane space. ___________________________________Multiple ChoiceIdentify the letter of the decision that best finishes the announcement or answers the question.____ 1. Of the accompanying organic mixes, which one contains the component, nitrogen?a.fatty acidsd.starchb.sugare.proteinc.glycerol____ 2 . An oxidation/decrease is best appeared by which of the following?a.an amino and carboxyl gathering structure a peptide bondb.two little atoms synthetically join to shape a huge onec.a base responds with a corrosive to frame water and a saltd.electrons are moved from one substance to anothere.a huge particle is broken into two littler molecules____ 3. The action of a catalyst can be modified by changing the pH of its environmental factors marginally. This adjustment in pH works bya.causing the protein to precipitateb.masking its dynamic sitec.increasing the initiation vitality of the reactiond.breaking its peptide bondse.altering its three dimensional shape____ 4. Which of coming up next isn't a cofactor or coenzyme?a.Zn2+d.Fe2+b.Mn2+e.NADP+c.NAD+____ 5. Which of the accompanying articulations concerning allosteric guideline isn't true?a.Allosteric destinations are typically situated close to, however separate from, the dynamic site.b.Alosterically controlled catalysts for the most part have quaternary structure.c.Activators will in general keep all the dynamic locales accessible to the ordinary substrate.d.Allosteric inhibitors balance out the latent type of the enzyme.e.Allosteric controllers join to their locales utilizing feeble bonds.____ 6. Which of the accompanying procedures probably doesn't include anaerobic conditions?a.yeast causing bread batter to riseb.bacteria working in an air circulation tank at a sewage plantc.bacteria in the dirt assistance in compostingd.alcohol is created in fermentatione.sewage separates in a septic tank____ 7. In an examination of the colors in the leaves of a specific plant, one spot moved 8.0 cm from the inception, while the dissolvable front moved 10.0 cm. What might the Rf estimation of the color be?a.80.0d.1.25b.8.0e.0.8c.2.0____ 8. Photophosphorylation explicitly alludes to thea.synthesis of glucose through carbon fixationb.splitting water because of lightc.synthesis of ATP by photolysisd.reduction of NADPH by elec tron transporte.synthesis of ATP utilizing light____ 9. During carbon obsession, which of coming up next is a product?a.ATPd.carbon dioxideb.3-phosphoglyceratee.oxygenc.NADPH____ 10. The name of the procedure whereby a plant utilizes oxygen in light.a.transpirationd.photorespirationb.translocatione.photosynthesisc.photophosphorylationImagine you have five little glass bumps that are fixed to the environment. All the containers are loaded up with a bicarbonate arrangement (as a wellspring of carbon dioxide) and a pointer. The contrasts between each container are depicted below:Jar #1: Has a little fish.Jar #2: Has one little fish notwithstanding some oceanic plants.Jar #3: Has three little fish notwithstanding some sea-going plants.Jar #4: Has some sea-going plants.Jar #5: Has some sea-going plants, yet the container is totally encircled by aluminum foil.The pointer gives you how much carbon dioxide is in each container. The accompanying table shows the relative amounts:Colour of pH marker solutionRelative measure of carbon dioxideredhighgreenmedium (proportional to atmosphere)bluelowThe following table shows the consequences of a trial where the cylinders were permitted to remain under normal light for a few hours.ObservationJar #1Jar #2Jar #3Jar #4Jar #5Starting shade of indicatorgreengreengreengreengreenFinal shade of indicatorredgreenredbluegreen____ 11. Coming up next are articulations with respect to the above results:I. breath is occurring in every one of the five test tubesII. breath is surpassing photosynthesis in Jar#3III. photosynthesis is happening in Jar#5IV. the most minimal grouping of carbon dioxide is found in Jar#2Which of the above explanations are correct?a.II and IIId.II and IVb.I and IIe.III and IVc.I and IVOptional Multiple Choice The right answer is demonstrated by a (*)1. Photoexcitation happens whena. 2ADP + 2Pi 2 ATP on 2 cytochromesb. light discharges electrons from twofold covalent bonds on chlorophyll air conditioning. 2 H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4 electronsd. pallisade mesophylle. bright (UV)2. In a C3 plant the greater part of the photosynthesis action happens in thea. pack sheath cellsb. elastic mesophyllc. RUDP; 2PGAd. pallisade mesophylle. pyruvic acid3. C4 plants fix CO2 onto ________; to frame ______________.a. RUDP; 2PGAb. pyruvic corrosive; 2PGAc. Kick; oxaloacetic acidd. chlorophyll a (mass); chlorophyll be. glucose, water4. C3 plants fix CO2 onto __________; to frame ____________.a. Kick; oxaloacetic acidb. pyruvic corrosive; 2PGAc. RUDP; 2PGAd. Glycogen, pyruvatee. Liquor, aspartame5. The radio wire shades includea. chlorophyll a (mass); chlorophyll b (all)b. chlorophyll b (all); carotenoids (all)c. Xanthophylls, cyaninsd. chlorophyll a (mass); chlorophyll b (all); carotenoidse. Glycine, methylglycol6. The light response PRIMARILY assimilates light from the obvious range that isa. bright (UV)b. violetc. redd. The matrixe. green7. The light response occursa. the thyakoid membraneb. in the matrixc. in the stro mad. Granae. Vacuole8. The dull response happens in thea. matrixb. thyakoid membranec. stromad. lammmellaee. pancreas9. In the accompanying condition, the 6 O2 started from the6 CO2 + 12 H2O - 1 2 6O2 + C6H12O6 + 6 H2Oa. 6 CO2b. 12 H2Oc. 6 H2Od. sulphure. antimony10. In the accompanying condition, the C6 on glucose started from the6 CO2 + 12 H2O - 1 2 6O2 + C6H12O6 + 6 H2Oa. 12 H2Ob. 6 CO2c. C6H12O6d. Sulfur gase. air11. 1 and 2 on the - are6 CO2 + 12 H2O - 1 2 6O2 + C6H12O6 + 6 H2Oa. CO2, H2Ob. chlorophyll an and chlorophyll bc. light and chlorophylld. aspartame and proteine. DNA and chlorine12. The significant finished results of the LIGHT REACTION is (are)a. 4 e-+ 4H+ + O2b. ATP, NADPH2c. 6O2, 6 H2Od. NADPHe. FAD+13. Carotenoids retain light PRIMARILY from the _________ portion(s) of the obvious spectrum.a. red, violetb. bluec. greend. blacke. yellow-orange14. Both the final results of the LIGHT REACTION are utilized in the:a. decrease of 2 PGAs to 2 PGALsb. oxidation of 2 PGAs t o 2 PGALsc. obsession of CO2 on RUPd. Calvin cycle15. Both the final results of the light response are utilized in thea. transformation of PGAL to DHAP through a progression of reactionsb. oxidation of NADPHc. change of RUDP to PGAL through a progression of reactionsd. Cell respiration16. Which condition underneath favors the most noteworthy pace of PHOTOSYNTHESIS? (select just one)(a) CO2 0.2% light 7000 1x temperature 20oC(b) CO2 0.2% light 7000 1x temperature 15oC(c) CO2 10 % light 7000 1x temperature 25oC17. Despite light force and temperature, the pace of photosynthesis won't increment when the CO2 focus isa. underneath 0.2%b. above 0.03%c. above 0.2%d. up to 100%e. beneath 0.011%18. The pace of photosynthesis is seen by :a. checking the O2 bubbles given offb. gathering O2 gas from the reactionc. taking a gander at the water producedd. both an and b are feasiblee. checking the quantity of sugars19. Photosystem II gets electrons froma. photolysis of waterb. 2 cytochromesc. NADPH 2d. Mitochondriae. rubisco20. Photosystem II produces _______ for the dim reactiona. ATP onlyb. both ATP and NADPH2c. PGALd. Electronse. protons21. In Photosystem I, chloroplasts utilize light to producea. histamineb. CO2c. Carbond. Carbonic acide. NADPH22. Light is one factor engaged with the pace of photosynthesis. Two others territory. temperature and CO2b. temperature and O2c. water and ozoned. sulfur fixation and aluminum particle concentratione. chlorine fixation and H particle concentration23. The oxygen discharged through photosynthesis is determined froma. CO2b. waterc. ATP24. Rank the occasions a to c from which happens first to which happens last. Select the occasion that comes last.a. P700 is oxidizedb. photophosphorylationc. P680 is oxidized25. Rank the occasions a to c from which happens first to which happens last. Select the occasion that comes first.a. photophosphorylationb. P680 is oxidizedc. P700 is oxidized26. During the activity of photosystem Ia. NADPH is dimin ished and P700 is reducedb. P680 is decreased alongside ATPc. P700 is oxidized and NADP+ is reducedd. ATP is reducede. The chloroplast is excited27. The general achievement of the DARK REACTION is thea. combination of ATPb. amalgamation of PGALc. decrease of CO2 by hydrogend. Creation of sulphuric corrosive gase. The creation an alanine28. At the point when light is consumed by photosystem IIa. P700 is oxidized and CO2 is liberatedb. P680 is oxidized and O2 is liberatedc. P680 is changed over to P700d. At the point when the sun stops shininge. When the asparate transport stopsOther different decision questions can be found at: http://www.thelifewire.com/and, http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/campbell_awl/chapter10/deluxe.htmlCompletion questions1. Temperature and pH influence compound movement. Likewise with every single other response, chemical catalyzed responses _________________________ in speed with an expansion in temperature. Be that as it may, as the temper ature increments past a basic point, the protein structure starts to get disturbed , coming about in _________________________ and loss of chemical capacity. Each chemical has a(n) _________________________ temperature at which it works best and movement will in general decline on either side of this temperature. Most human compounds work best at ar

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Isolated By the Internet Essay Example

Secluded By the Internet Essay Example Secluded By the Internet Essay Secluded By the Internet Essay Getting one of not many profoundly respected individuals having extraordinary commitment to the foundation of the Internet, Clifford Stool a stargazer and PC master, turned out to be exceptionally incredulous of the web and its helpful or unsafe impact on its customer. He unmistakably states all through the entry his perspectives on web utilize getting risky to its clients, making his contention by showing numerous instances of social detachment of fanatical web clients. Prestigious clinicians Robert Karat and Vicki Landmark played out a few broad tests on different individuals, estimating profound mental impacts of ever Internet use. From the gathered information, on normal they found that connections do can possibly develop on the web, however to a limited degree. As indicated by Karat and Landmark. Securities were handily broken companionships with periodic correspondence, securities then again were solid associations with normal day by day correspondence. The greater part of the associations made on the web, stayed as associations and once in a while became associations. They additionally discovered that the additional time spent on the Internet, the quantity of connections were bound to increment and consequently social connections were bound o decrease. A significant explanation concerning why the web turned out to be so well known was that it furnished a lot of individuals with the capacity to make another character of themselves. It offered a change conscience, a character that someone in particular could have never accomplished, all things considered. This gave a feeling of confidence for these individuals. In spite of the fact that they can turn into this certain individual on the web, they are as yet a similar individual they generally were, all things considered. To get sure or to acquire another personality, the main route is to have genuine social communications. Most over the top web clients, are found to need unlatched social cooperation abilities and are extremely modest around others. Online associations are not in a similar class as social Interactions, numerous online clients see the distinction and think about the Internet as their existence. These days we despite everything see noticeably negative impacts of Internet use and the general impact it has on public activity. As indicated by Time Magazine as of September 2007 around 200 million individuals in the U. S. Have a Namespace. Populace 302. 2 million) Of those individuals over 70% check it every day and go through at any rate 2 hours on the web. From my perspective in addition to the fact that this is hurtful to clients genuinely UT intellectually also. I for one know numerous individuals that can remain online for a considerable length of time, inside a short measure of time you unmistakably observe an adjustment As a part of their character. Web based everything appears to be fine, yet the more you spend time with these over the top PC clients, you sense a specific separation and inevitably you just rather not spend time with them. In the end these individuals begin to lose their companions and in the end their whole public activity. Now they discover the web generally fascinating, being that it is the main spot where they can really have a public activity they exploit it. They make these that they acknowledge as a substitute for the real world. I malt I myself nave a Namespace, Ana I can see now Intentions tons wedding can turn into. Luckily for me my mother has limitations on the hours I can be on the PC. My cousin then again never leaves her room just for going to class and supper. She has completely disengaged herself from society. I accept this all begun after her moment weight addition and her separation with her beau. She was truly discouraged and I recall her revealing to me she discovered isolation, and others that comprehended her on the web. She has depended totally on the web to fulfill her. It began as Just something to support her, yet it ended up being something that would harm her considerably more so. I firmly concur with Judgment expressing that the web has a negative impact on its clients. When somebody has depended such a great amount on something its difficult to have your life straightened out without it. All these fanatical PC clients are caught in a dream, and the more profound the dream that you are in, the more remote from reality you become.

Wednesday, August 19, 2020

Virtual Assistant Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips

Virtual Assistant Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips In today’s world of technology, the old definition of an employee â€" a person that sits behind a desk in an office is outdated, and in some cases fully eliminated.Computers and internet connection provided a chance for outsourcing work to people in different cities or even homes, who can do the job just as efficient as if they were in an office.One profession that implies remote work, from home or separate office space is that of a virtual assistant.Virtual assistants tend to be everywhere these days, and that’s because they bring a number of qualities to companies and employers.Nowadays, remote workers bring advantages such as reduced costs, time-saving and better use of other company employees since they can focus on other tasks while virtual assistants take care of administrative tasks.The nature of the multitasking one virtual assistant must do on a daily basis calls for a person capable of managing a number of different tasks all at once and all in an organized way that kee ps the business working flawlessly even from a remote location.If you think you’ve got what it takes to be a Virtual Assistant and you see it as your dream job, continue reading to find out how to secure the position with help of an amazing resume.Virtual Assistant Resume Example Right Virtual Assistant Resume Sample Right Create your own resumeThere you have it â€" two examples of perfect resumes for the position of a virtual assistant.Hopefully you will benefit from the provided tips and tricks and create a resume that will get you the job.Pay special attention to the skills and achievements presented here because these are generally most desired by the employers.In the next sections, we will provide an explanation about writing each part of the resume as good as possible while accentuating the points you should spend the most time perfecting.Besides that, we would recommend you to take a look at the tools that could make this whole process of writing a virtual assistant resume faster and easier â€" our resume templates.HOW TO WRITE THE PERFECT PERSONAL INFO SECTION FOR YOUR VIRTUAL ASSISTANT RESUMEAs you can guess, this is the most important section of your resume and the one you should start with.Without providing enough of your personal information, your potential employer doesn’t have a chance of getting an idea about who you are, and that obviously could be a big problem.But, just because you should share information about yourself doesn’t mean you should share it all.Think about what is absolutely necessary to write, and what is better off not said, as well as what information you’re actually comfortable sharing.There is basic info like your full name, phone number and address that is a must when it comes to what should be written in this section.Maybe writing your name is the easiest part, but there is something you should be careful about.Don’t write your nicknames or aliases you might have, just your full name. Middle names should also be left out.Katherine Hudson RightKathy Hudson WrongSome other facts about you on the other hand, such as your race, social security number, sexual orientation or religion have no place in your resume and should definitely be left out.Next thing you probably associate with a resume is your picture.Even though it’s not always a must to have it, if it is, make sure you use a professional-looking picture, in which you look approachable and pleasant. Avoid using photos taken in poor lighting and those where you’re wearing casual clothing.Of course, you will need to leave contact information so that the employer can contact you about the job. If you don’t leave a couple of different options, there’s a risk of you losing the job just because you can’t be reached, and you definitely don’t want that.We recommend you include your e-mail address and your mobile phone number as ways of contacting you.Having that said, we would like to draw your attention to the e-mail address you will be including in the CV.Avoid the first one you ever made since it probably includes your nickname and random numbers, and use a more professional-sounding one.katherinehudson@gmail.com Rightkittykath@gmail.com WrongSharing your social media accounts in your resume is not a must, but if you do decide to add them, first th ink about what you have shared in the past.In case you have something problematic up there, that can really lower your chances of getting the job.As we recommended with the e-mail, keep the profile names without any nicknames or aliases and use only your real name.HOW TO WRITE THE PERFECT SUMMARY FOR YOUR VIRTUAL ASSISTANT RESUMEThe summary section of your resume is the part where you should name a few of your biggest achievements in education and previous workplaces, as well what qualities and skills you’ve obtained through those experiences. Here is our guide about what the perfect summary should look like.This section of your resume should serve as an introduction to your resume, so keep it short and mention only the most important details about yourself you would like to highlight.But, don’t keep it so short that it loses its purpose and makes it seem like you have nothing valuable to mention about yourself.The ideal length of this section is 3 or 4 sentences. Don’t go lon ger â€" that’s what the rest of your resume is for, and summary should be only the introduction.The perfect summary should include a couple of things. First is the professional title you have, which will make it clear that you are applying for the position relevant to your title.The next thing you should write in this section is your most honorable achievements in the field you’re in.You should finish the summary with some professional goals you have and want to fulfill through the job you’re hoping to get.SummaryGeneral management graduate with proven organizational, communication and event planning skills and over 2 years of experience. Managed schedules of 4 business executives while performing other general administration tasks. RightOne way you can make your achievements stand out is by backing them up by some statistics about what you have accomplished. Information you provide in this form is far more valuable than without any numbers, percentages or any kind of descrip tive info.Summary (cont.)Managed schedules of 4 business executives while performing other general administration tasks. RightSummary (cont.)Managed busy work schedules. WrongAs mentioned, wrap up your summary section with your professional goals and plans for the future. This will let the employer know that this position aligns with your personal aspirations, which means you will be ready to give your maximum at all times.Summary (cont.)Looking to fulfill the role of a virtual assistant in order to maintain exceptional external and internal communication. RightHOW TO WRITE THE PERFECT EXPERIENCE SECTION OF YOUR VIRTUAL ASSISTANT RESUMEYou can have all the experience in the world as a virtual assistant, but if you can’t present it right to your potential employer, you’re chances of getting the job are pretty low.That’s why you should invest a lot of time and effort into writing the experience section of your resume.This could easily be the most important part of the whole C V since employers tend to give it the most attention.What they want to get out of this section is what you’ve learned through the experiences and whether those skills and achievements could apply to the position.Of course, what this section ideally contains is details about your previous jobs and employers, the duration of time you spent at those positions and your main responsibilities.This information can have a huge saying in whether you get your wanted position or not, so let us guide you through how it all should look like.First, let’s talk about the structure of this section. If you think that it should be the longest one, and provide as many information as possible just to make it seem you have a ton of experience, think again.Forget about the lengthy paragraphs of text â€" they can be tiring and overcomplicated.Instead stick to bullet points that help in presenting the experiences you had in the best way possible, without getting lost in sentences and paragraphs.Also, te xt structured in this way will capture the employers attention much easier and draw it to the most important parts.One more thing is really important when it comes to the structure, and that is the reverse-chronological order.What this means is that you should start the section with the most recent positions you had and continue to the earlier ones.You’re probably wondering how you should list the experiences you’ve had.One logical and must-have piece of information is the companies or employers you’ve worked for, but you should add a couple of other facts.We highly recommend adding more information about the positions instead of just naming the employer you worked for.For example, writing the duration of time you spent at a position can benefit you since persons with multiple years of experience have higher chances of getting the job.In addition to the time invested in a certain position, it’s recommended to add the achievements and contribution to those job positions you h ad.The best way to write this is by presenting the challenges you had to overcome, the way you did it and the results you got.This is also the perfect place to better present the contributions to the positions you had by including percentages, time in which you achieved a goal or similar numbers that better describe your achievements.ExperienceKept contact and good communication with over 20 clients.Arranged daily meetings for over 5 business executives.Helped in educating the new staff on a monthly basis. RightExperiencePerformed various administrative work. WrongHOW TO WRITE THE PERFECT EDUCATION SECTION OF YOUR VIRTUAL ASSISTANT RESUMEThe education section may not seem as important as the experience section, but it can still have a positive effect on the way your employer sees you.Apart from showcasing your achievements in high school and university and the clubs you’ve been a part of, having a degree higher than a high school one shows you have patience, determination and am bitiousness â€" all qualities valuable for any job position.Most important information about your degree is the duration of your time spent acquiring it, the degree specifications, and the location of your studies. Here’s what it should look like: RightThe bullet points, as here in this example, should contain achievements and activities relevant to the position you’re applying for, so feel free to add them to this section.Listing your GPA should be done only if its value is above-average.In case you’re still attending college, you can write that like this: RightDon’t feel bad if you never went to college and you only have a high school degree.In that case, focus on writing the experience and skill sections as best as you can, and use them instead of your education in your advantage. Remember to add seminars and courses you took in the field you wish to work in.HOW TO WRITE THE PERFECT SKILLS SECTION OF YOUR VIRTUAL ASSISTANT RESUMEThis section is one of those with the highest chances of being closely looked at by the employer, so you should want to make it as good as possible.In a perfect scenario, a virtual assistant is a person capable of managing several different administrative tasks, and do it efficiently and i n a well-organized way.In addition, they are expected to know how to do basically anything and possess multiple office-managing skills.When it comes to the set of skills you possess, they are probably not all relevant to the position of a virtual assistant.Before deciding which ones to put in your resume, think about what a virtual assistant should be like, which skills are necessary to perform the job in the best way possible, and which ones are not as relevant.For example, you could possess great photography skills, but are they going to help you with the virtual assistant position?Once again, as in the most sections, you should rely on bullet points.This way the resume stays easy to read and captures the attention of the person reading it much quicker.In addition to that, list the skills in order of importance. First write the ones most relevant to the position, in order to make them stand out.We would like to point out the difference between skills since not all belong to the sa me category. You may have heard of soft skills â€" ones connected with interactions between people, and hard skills â€" ones you can learn by doing a course or a seminar, or just by doing a job.You should know that employers spend more time looking at soft skills in the resume since hard skills are easier to develop in a person through training and the job itself.Here’s what soft and hard skills a resume for a virtual assistant should contain:Soft skills: Communication, Time Management, Office Management, Solution-oriented, Event Planning, Customer ServiceHard skills: Microsoft Office, Microsoft PowerPoint, Spreadsheets, Typing, Data EntryWhat you need is a combination of hard as well as soft skills, since it looks the best in a resume.SkillsClent communicationTech-savvyExperienced in event planningBookkeeping RightSkillsEfficientPowerPoint RightUSEFUL TIPS AND TRICKS TO USE WHEN WRITING YOUR VIRTUAL ASSISTANT RESUMELength of your resume â€" Longer text paragraphs in your resume won’t necessarily look as if you’ve got a lot to offer. It could easily be overwhelming for the employer and simply too much. Keep the length up to one page only, with only the most important points written.Review it â€" Before you finally send your finished resume, it wouldn’t hurt to run it by some of your friends or acquaintances who have seen a number of resumes before and can tell you whether yours is missing something, or if some parts are not necessary and can be cut.The spelling â€" Since you want your resume to seem professional and carefully written, make sure that no spelling mistakes are present. You can ask someone to proofread the text after you’ve written it, or simply download an app to do it for you in no time.Precision â€" You surely don’t want your potential employee to be confused about the things written in your resume, and wonder what you actually wanted to say. To prevent that, be clear with the information you choose to write and think twice about what belongs in the resume and what doesn’t.Bullet points form â€" As mentioned several times, this form of text is the one that is the easiest to read, which is very important when considering the large number of resumes your potential employer has to go through every day. You wouldn’t want them ignoring yours just because it would take them too long to read huge paragraphs of text, right?Font â€" Even though it may not seem as important, picking the right text font will make your resume look more put-together and professional.Languages â€" Knowledge of languages is very important for this job position, so consider adding a section about your familiarity with foreign languages and the levels of proficiency you possess.Resume template â€" Do you have a limited amount of time to finish the resume, but you still want it to be the best it can be? Take a look at our resume templates to help you produce a high-quality resume in no time.CONCLUSIONIf you read our guide, you are now fam iliar with everything you should know in order to write the best possible resume for the position of a virtual assistant.Stick with all the instructions we gave you and you will surely produce a fantastic resume and land that job you want.Don’t forget to add all the sections we mentioned here, and remember all the tips and tricks about what information each of them should have.By doing so you will point out all the right spots and highlight your best skills and most relevant work experience, which add to the good impression you’ll make on your potential employer.In case you’re still not 100% sure how to write the resume in a way that gets you the job or you want to save some time and get the task of writing it done as quick as possible, we recommend you to take a look at our resume builder.Good luck at getting the job of your dreams! Create your own resume

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Comparing The Proposed New Audit2 - 4153 Words

Compare and Contrast the proposed new audit2 I.0 Introduction Auditing is a subject that applies to most business as there is the need to make constant financial sense of the resources they are employing as well as what they are getting out of it. When taking auditing as a profession into consideration, there is the need to understand that auditors just like lawyers have an association that they have to answer to in terms of their conduct while performing audit operations. The body allows for rules and regulations to apply so as to allow for a standardize means through which audit process will universally apply for any given nation. In the U.S., the current audit report procedure that allows for auditors to apply a given number of process†¦show more content†¦For 2 Compare and Contrast the proposed new audit3 this report paper, it will take into consideration addressing and understanding the proposed changes and how they stand to change auditor’s line of work. The paper will discuss the concepts of disclosure and CAMs in length for an easier understanding of the situation and well as address some of the issues that can potentially or have raised from the concepts of proposed changed. The report will also look into possible recommendations and address areas that need further study before making a conclusion. 2.0 Discussion of the Concepts/facts reviewed From the available literature review in regards the comparison of the proposed new audit report and opinion with the one in effect through 2012, the one thing that stands out is that the proposed new audit report is looking to improve on the current one. This is mostly in relation to how auditors will be making reports to the customer perhaps for an easier understanding of their financial operations. The comparison makes to facts to be reviewed and that is the introduction for the need for auditors to make clear declarations of their final decisions and the other is the use of CAM. 2.1 Pass or Fail Explanation The need to make this change was perhaps a much needed change given that the current audit report does not facilitate its users with the luxury

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Casey Anthony Trial - 782 Words

Case Study 3: Casey Anthony Trial In June of 2008, Cynthia Anthony reported her two year old granddaughter, Caylee Anthony missing to the authorities of Orange County in Orlando, Florida. During questioning, Casey Anthony, the mother of Caylee Anthony informed the authorities that her child hand been abducted by her nanny and that she had been searching for her unsuccessfully for a month (Alvarez, 2011). Throughout the initial investigation, detectives found a number of inconsistencies with Casey Anthony’s story which lead them to suspect she had a role in Caylee’s disappearance; this ultimately lead to charges being brought against her (Alvarez, 2011). This report will give a brief description of the background,†¦show more content†¦The truck operator who towed the vehicle expressed to the authorities that there was a smell of decomposition in the car. Also found in the trunk of the vehicle was a plastic bag, hair and presumably blood. On July 16, 2008, C asey Anthony was charged with first-degree murder, aggravated child abuse, aggravated manslaughter of a child and four counts of lying to detectives (Alvarez, 2011). Digital Forensic Evidence The focal point of the digital forensic evidence in the Casey Anthony case involved the recuperation and examination the Internet browser history of Anthony’s computer. The browser history records contained in this database turned out to be extremely important to the prosecution. During a keyword search initiated on Anthony’s personal computer, a hit was found for the word â€Å"chloroform†. At various points during the trail, the prosecution referred to a visit to a page (â€Å"http://www.sci-spot.com/Chemistry/chloroform.htm†) which was allegedly accessed 84 times per the forensic software CacheBack (Lohr, 2011). The smell of chloroform was said to be present in Casey Anthony’s car, this is why the prosecution focused on it. Unfortunantly, according to John Bradley, the designer of CacheBack, the software was flawed and after a redesign and update, he found the website in question was visited only once (Alvarez, 2011). This same website count (1) was found in an initialShow MoreRelatedCasey Anthony Trial Essay732 Words   |  3 Pagesnation-wide. The death of Caylee Anthony, a two year old baby, became the most popular topic in a brief amount of time. Caylee’s mother, Casey Anthony, became the main suspect after the child supposedly was kidnapped and went missing. To this day, the Casey Anthony case shocks me because justice, in my opinion, wasn’t served. I feel as if the criminal conviction system became somewhat corrupted in this case. The entire nation, including the court system, knew that Casey Anthony was behind this criminalRead MoreCasey Anthony Trial Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesThe Casey Anthony Trial One of the most controversial and polemic trials of all times since the OJ Simpson trial was the case of Casey Anthony and the murder of her two year old daughter. All the evidences and witness revealed that she was the main suspect in the murder of her daughter; however in 2011 she was found not guilty of this murder due to several different aspects. This paper will inform and provide the reader with detailed information about this case. In addition the reader will findRead MoreThe Murder Trial Of Casey Anthony1330 Words   |  6 PagesFrom Avengers to Prosecutors: Ending Barbaric Justice. Every generation has felt, at one point or another, uneasy about the efficacy of their justice system. One need not look further than a few months ago with the controversial murder trial of Casey Anthony. People were enraged by the jury’s decision to let her go. Up until today, many people are convinced that there existed enough evidence for convicting her of first-degree murder of her daughter. Can we say that today’s justice system is ineffectiveRead MoreCis 417 Week 7 Case Study 3 Casey Anthony Trial655 Words   |  3 PagesCIS 417 WEEK 7 CASE STUDY 3 CASEY ANTHONY TRIAL To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/cis-417-week-7-case-study-3-casey-anthony-trial/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM CIS 417 WEEK 7 CASE STUDY 3 – CASEY ANTHONY TRIAL On July 5, 2011, Casey Anthony was found not guilty of first-degree murder in the 2008 death of her daughter, Caylee. Further research this incident using quality and reputable resources. Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you: Read MoreCasey Anthony Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesCasey Anthony Trial Patricia Saylor Donna Dansey Computer Forensics November 25, 2012 Casey Anthony Case There have been many murder trials in the United States which have gripped the nation, OJ Simpson, BTK, Lee Harvey Oswald. But more shocking to the consciousness of America is the story of a child which has been killed. Such would be the case of Caylee Anthony, and the trial of Casey Anthony. In this assignment the discussion will focus on this case, exposingRead MoreForensics Research Paper: Casey Anthony1173 Words   |  5 PagesOn July 15, 2008, Cindy Anthony called the police saying her daughter Casey Anthony stole her car and some money. Later that same day the police received another call from the same person saying that her granddaughter Caylee Anthony had been gone for over a month. When this was heard, they knew they had a big case on their hands. The mother Casey Anthony was taken into custody and told many lies concerning the whereabouts of her daughter. The police began to investigate and found some interestingRead MoreThe Casey Anthony Trail Essay542 Words   |  3 PagesThe Casey Anthony Trail, a case that lasted a month and a half was one that left everyone shocked, ending with no justice and a devastating result. It all started in 2008, when Caylee Anthony, a 2year old child went missing. The 2 year old’s mother, Casey Anthony stated to the police that the last time she has seen her daughter was when she dropped her off to the child’s babysitter. (Timeline of Casey Anthony Trial, ABC News Internet Ventures). However, things began to escalate when reporters statedRead MoreThe Burden Of Proof Is The Duty Of A Party1659 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The burden of proof is the duty of a party in a trial to produce the evidence that will shift the conclusion away from the default position, to that party s own position. In a legal dispute, one party is initially presumed to be correct and gets the benefit of the doubt, while the other side bears the burden of proof. When a party bearing the burden of proof meets their burden, the burden of proof switches to the other side. Burdens may be of different kinds for each party, in differentRead MoreMichael Anthony s Murder Was Not A Random Act1725 Words   |  7 Pagesattending college, and getting married are a few of the many activities Caylee Anthony will never get to experience. When Caylee went missing and was later found dead in 2008, her entire future ended abruptly. Whether the Anthony family murdered Caylee as a scapegoat for their own problems or Caylee s death was a tragic accident, no one was convicted for her death. Although never brought to court, evidence suggests George Anthony killed his granddaughter, Caylee, and manipulated the evidence to directRead MoreEssay on Courtroom Tv974 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The Casey Anthony trial involves the death of her two year old daughter Caylee Anthony. Casey Anthony is accused of killing her daughter. Casey Anthony claims her two-year-old Caylee Anthony is missing On June 9, 2008 in Orange County, Florida. Anthony later tells police she dropped Caylee off at a babysitters apartment. The name that Casey had given to the police officers was Zenaida Fernandez-Gonzalez. On June 16th 2008 was the last Caylee grandparents saw her alive. Casey didn’t give

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Disease in the News Free Essays

The article Tuberculosis in Africa- Combating an HIV-Drive Crisis is written by a Dr. Richard E. Chaisson, a medical doctor and Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Disease in the News or any similar topic only for you Order Now Neil A. Martinson, deputy director for the Perinatal HIV Research Unit at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa (Chaisson and Martinson, 2008 ). According to the biography sketch of Dr. Chaisson listed at the website of CREATE (Consortium to Respond Effectively to the AIDS TB Epidemic), Dr.  Chaisson is a professor of Medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and is currently a director for the Center for Tuberculosis Research and the Clinical Preventive TB Services in Baltimore City Health Department (Consortium to Respond Effectively to the AIDS TB Epidemic 2008). He graduated summa cum laude from the University of Massachusetts and studied medicine from the University of Massachusetts Medical School in 1982 (2008). From then on, Chaisson interned at the University of California, interning at the Moffitt Hospital. (2008). Previous to his current position at Johns Hopkins, Dr. Chaisson was the director for the AIDS Service of Johns Hopkins Hospital (2008). He also served as attending physician in the AIDS Division of The Medical Service in San Francisco General Hospital (2008). Likewise, he has written more than 50 case reports, peer and non-peer reviewed articles on topics concerning HIV and tuberculosis (2008). Needless to say, his educational and professional background [in tuberculosis and AIDS] make him a credible source for this article which focuses on tuberculosis and AIDS. On the other hand, Neil Martinson, as stated earlier, is a deputy director for the Perinatal HIV Research Unit at a university in South Africa (Chaisson and Martinson, 2008). Aside from his, Martinson is a Research Associate for the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, JHU Center for TB Research (Consortium to Respond Effectively to the AIDS TB Epidemic 2008). Martinson’s credential as listed from the CREATE website state that Martinson took up his bachelor’s degree from the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa, obtained his Membership of the Faculty of General Practitioners (MFGP) in College of Medicine in South Africa (2008). Furthermore, he completed his post- doctorate studies at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health (2008). Prior to his present position, Dr. Martinson served for the Johannesburg Community and the Johannesburg Urban Environmental Management (2008). He has since co-written peer-reviews research articles and non peer-reviewed publications on AIDS, focusing primarily of the South African health status (2008). While Dr. Chaisson’s fortes are tuberculosis and AIDS, Dr. Martinson’s strong points gear towards AIDS and South Africa. This makes Drs. Chaisson and Martinson credible in writing such article. Tuberculosis in Africa- Combating an HIV-Drive Crisis appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine on its Volume 358 (Chaisson and Martinson 2008). The journal is a weekly medical journal publishing review articles and medical research findings on areas such as â€Å"immunology, cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology, kidney disease, oncology, pulmonary disease, rheumatology, HIV and infectious diseases† (New England Journal of Medicine, 2008). The article tackles the growing tuberculosis outbreak in Africa, a dangerous disease driven yet another perilous epidemic in the nation- AIDS and how it is being dealt with (Chaisson and Martinson, 2008). The article starts off by stating that Africa is facing the â€Å"worst tuberculosis epidemic,† one that is driven by the HIV prevalence (Chaisson and Martinson, 2008). The authors cited a World Health Organization (WHO) data affirming the status of tuberculosis incidence in African nations (29% of total global cases) (2008). It also exclaimed, based on two separate studies, that tuberculosis is the â€Å"most common coexisting condition† in deaths occurring in people with AIDS (2008). Said studies were published in 2002. The article was written just this year, in March. While the studies proved to be useful in preparing the article, this reviewer feels that the assertion would have been more forceful had the authors included studies that are up to date. For one, the WHO citation came from a 2007 WHO report. It is without a doubt, an updated report. The impact is still fresh. The article talks of a prevalent epidemic so it is rather important to have supporting data that are latest. Earlier studies would only serve as basis for comparison. In the article, the authors explained how tuberculosis and HIV are associated (2008). The explanation is simply stated and since this article is intended for a medical journal, this critic thinks that the explanation is written well, no beating around the bush. Instead, the elucidation is done matter of fact. There is no need for supporting statement or evidence since the article is targeted for those in the field of medicine. Hence, an explanation like this is something that they know of well. They probably memorize it. Since the disease is focusing only on Africa, the authors are able to provide a national perspective on the epidemic. Figures culled from Africa-related studies are enumerated, making it plain for the readers to realize that that this article is about Africa related incident alone. The focus is Africa so the authors did not include statistics from other countries. This provides a clear focus on the subject. The authors also explained how the nation is dealing with the epidemic. They said that while NGOs have helped tremendously in solving Africa’s health plague, a huge chunk of the money is allocated from HIV and not for tuberculosis. There is no supporting evidence to back this statement. Hence, this reviewer believes that this bold statement would have made more impact had the authors gave further corroboration. However, this critic also believes that this would have been difficult to make. Funding agencies would probably just state that they are donating money to help Africa solve its health problems and that would encompass HIV, tuberculosis, etc. A donation is still a donation and any help extended should be received with gratitude. Perhaps, it would have been easy if further studies regarding HIV-driven tuberculosis deaths are published. By then, prospective donors would be the first to extend their arms in funding. The authors enumerated ways on how Africa could deal with this dilemma – taking on new strategies regarding its health care system. They also cited WHO’s intervention. Additionally, they listed a study conducted in 2005 on the impact of antiretroviral therapy involving HIV infected patients in Brazil. This is promising, especially for those directly involved with the African health care system. It is good that the authors included this recent development for it would be something that Africa could look into. On the whole, the article is well-written. It is easy to read. The organization of data is presented in a way that the readers, technical or non-technical, would be able to follow it. Furthermore, the authors are two authorities in their respective fields and that alone makes them credible in writing such piece. The statements (majority) are backed with supporting evidence. They did not claim on how to eradicate the outbreak. They merely provided suggestions, again with evidence, on how it could be done. How to cite Disease in the News, Papers

Disease in the News Free Essays

The article Tuberculosis in Africa- Combating an HIV-Drive Crisis is written by a Dr. Richard E. Chaisson, a medical doctor and Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Disease in the News or any similar topic only for you Order Now Neil A. Martinson, deputy director for the Perinatal HIV Research Unit at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa (Chaisson and Martinson, 2008 ). According to the biography sketch of Dr. Chaisson listed at the website of CREATE (Consortium to Respond Effectively to the AIDS TB Epidemic), Dr.  Chaisson is a professor of Medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and is currently a director for the Center for Tuberculosis Research and the Clinical Preventive TB Services in Baltimore City Health Department (Consortium to Respond Effectively to the AIDS TB Epidemic 2008). He graduated summa cum laude from the University of Massachusetts and studied medicine from the University of Massachusetts Medical School in 1982 (2008). From then on, Chaisson interned at the University of California, interning at the Moffitt Hospital. (2008). Previous to his current position at Johns Hopkins, Dr. Chaisson was the director for the AIDS Service of Johns Hopkins Hospital (2008). He also served as attending physician in the AIDS Division of The Medical Service in San Francisco General Hospital (2008). Likewise, he has written more than 50 case reports, peer and non-peer reviewed articles on topics concerning HIV and tuberculosis (2008). Needless to say, his educational and professional background [in tuberculosis and AIDS] make him a credible source for this article which focuses on tuberculosis and AIDS. On the other hand, Neil Martinson, as stated earlier, is a deputy director for the Perinatal HIV Research Unit at a university in South Africa (Chaisson and Martinson, 2008). Aside from his, Martinson is a Research Associate for the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, JHU Center for TB Research (Consortium to Respond Effectively to the AIDS TB Epidemic 2008). Martinson’s credential as listed from the CREATE website state that Martinson took up his bachelor’s degree from the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa, obtained his Membership of the Faculty of General Practitioners (MFGP) in College of Medicine in South Africa (2008). Furthermore, he completed his post- doctorate studies at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health (2008). Prior to his present position, Dr. Martinson served for the Johannesburg Community and the Johannesburg Urban Environmental Management (2008). He has since co-written peer-reviews research articles and non peer-reviewed publications on AIDS, focusing primarily of the South African health status (2008). While Dr. Chaisson’s fortes are tuberculosis and AIDS, Dr. Martinson’s strong points gear towards AIDS and South Africa. This makes Drs. Chaisson and Martinson credible in writing such article. Tuberculosis in Africa- Combating an HIV-Drive Crisis appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine on its Volume 358 (Chaisson and Martinson 2008). The journal is a weekly medical journal publishing review articles and medical research findings on areas such as â€Å"immunology, cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology, kidney disease, oncology, pulmonary disease, rheumatology, HIV and infectious diseases† (New England Journal of Medicine, 2008). The article tackles the growing tuberculosis outbreak in Africa, a dangerous disease driven yet another perilous epidemic in the nation- AIDS and how it is being dealt with (Chaisson and Martinson, 2008). The article starts off by stating that Africa is facing the â€Å"worst tuberculosis epidemic,† one that is driven by the HIV prevalence (Chaisson and Martinson, 2008). The authors cited a World Health Organization (WHO) data affirming the status of tuberculosis incidence in African nations (29% of total global cases) (2008). It also exclaimed, based on two separate studies, that tuberculosis is the â€Å"most common coexisting condition† in deaths occurring in people with AIDS (2008). Said studies were published in 2002. The article was written just this year, in March. While the studies proved to be useful in preparing the article, this reviewer feels that the assertion would have been more forceful had the authors included studies that are up to date. For one, the WHO citation came from a 2007 WHO report. It is without a doubt, an updated report. The impact is still fresh. The article talks of a prevalent epidemic so it is rather important to have supporting data that are latest. Earlier studies would only serve as basis for comparison. In the article, the authors explained how tuberculosis and HIV are associated (2008). The explanation is simply stated and since this article is intended for a medical journal, this critic thinks that the explanation is written well, no beating around the bush. Instead, the elucidation is done matter of fact. There is no need for supporting statement or evidence since the article is targeted for those in the field of medicine. Hence, an explanation like this is something that they know of well. They probably memorize it. Since the disease is focusing only on Africa, the authors are able to provide a national perspective on the epidemic. Figures culled from Africa-related studies are enumerated, making it plain for the readers to realize that that this article is about Africa related incident alone. The focus is Africa so the authors did not include statistics from other countries. This provides a clear focus on the subject. The authors also explained how the nation is dealing with the epidemic. They said that while NGOs have helped tremendously in solving Africa’s health plague, a huge chunk of the money is allocated from HIV and not for tuberculosis. There is no supporting evidence to back this statement. Hence, this reviewer believes that this bold statement would have made more impact had the authors gave further corroboration. However, this critic also believes that this would have been difficult to make. Funding agencies would probably just state that they are donating money to help Africa solve its health problems and that would encompass HIV, tuberculosis, etc. A donation is still a donation and any help extended should be received with gratitude. Perhaps, it would have been easy if further studies regarding HIV-driven tuberculosis deaths are published. By then, prospective donors would be the first to extend their arms in funding. The authors enumerated ways on how Africa could deal with this dilemma – taking on new strategies regarding its health care system. They also cited WHO’s intervention. Additionally, they listed a study conducted in 2005 on the impact of antiretroviral therapy involving HIV infected patients in Brazil. This is promising, especially for those directly involved with the African health care system. It is good that the authors included this recent development for it would be something that Africa could look into. On the whole, the article is well-written. It is easy to read. The organization of data is presented in a way that the readers, technical or non-technical, would be able to follow it. Furthermore, the authors are two authorities in their respective fields and that alone makes them credible in writing such piece. The statements (majority) are backed with supporting evidence. They did not claim on how to eradicate the outbreak. They merely provided suggestions, again with evidence, on how it could be done. How to cite Disease in the News, Papers

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Why kids should wear school uniform free essay sample

Do school uniforms help curb violence, foster a better learning environment or promote discipline in students? Many people think so and are pushing schools to require them. Opinions about uniforms and dress codes vary about as much as the reasons for having them parents seem to love them and students seem to tolerate them at best. Nevertheless, many schools have jumped on the bandwagon despite students expressed concerns about their freedom of speech. In a 1996 Long Beach, Calif. speech, former President Bill Clinton announced his support of that districts uniform initiative. School uniforms are one step that may help break the cycle of violence, truancy and disorder by helping young students understand what really counts is what kind of people they are, Clinton said. It didnt take much more than this presidential nod of approval to get the uniform ball rolling in many school districts across the country. Requiring all students to wear the same cardigans, slacks or skirts is a practice employed throughout history and all over the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Why kids should wear school uniform or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page England, for example, even required uniforms in all public schools for a time. Recently, it seems American schools desperate for peace and order are willing to follow this trend in order to get their students on the right track. Present statistics in the Long Beach district seem to support the claim that the clothes students wear can affect the crime rate. Now, three years later, many districts have followed suit with public schools in Chicago, Dallas, Sacramento, Phoenix, Seattle, Kansas City, Memphis, Baltimore and Atlanta all making the jump to mandatory uniforms. The issue of school uniforms, whether in a private or public school, is not clear-cut. They seem to work best when whole school communities discuss and agree upon a policy and then enforce it. And most proponents agree that requiring uniforms will only bring success if other programs accompany it. Uniforms may be a part of the solution, but they are not the only way to improve schools.

Tuesday, March 31, 2020

What is liberal representative democracy and does the model provide an appropriate combination of freedom and equality

A liberal representative democracy should be understood as a form of democracy where we have people who are elected to represent others. In this case, representatives hold some power that is always regulated and defined by the constitution. In fact, the constitution in question prioritizes the protection of different liberties.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What is ‘liberal representative democracy’ and does the model provide an appropriate combination of freedom and equality? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rights of minorities on an individualistic aspect are also taken care of and protected as far as liberal representative democracy is concerned. There are a lot of rights that are guaranteed under this form of democracy and this is commendable. For instance, freedom of speech and assembly are important rights that minorities and the whole society at large are supposed to be assured of (Sche b 56). This is well taken care of under this form of democracy. Equality before the law is something that has been synonymous with liberal representative democracy. Liberal representative democracy lays more emphasis on the due process when it comes to matters that deal with law. As far as this form of democracy is concerned, any elections that are held in a given country should be free and fair for all. This means that the ensuing electoral process should be as much competitive as possible. As a matter of fact, liberal representative democracy may take various forms as it has been practiced in different countries. In this form of democracy, everybody is granted the right to vote irrespective of his gender, race or the property that they own. This therefore implies that there is a lot of universal suffrage that is embraced. Liberal representative democracy is determined by the country’s constitution. In the long run, this will ultimately define the character of the state in q uestion.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The constitution in this case limits the powers that a given state will exercise over its citizens. This means that proper separation of powers has been well elaborated. As a matter of fact, there are a lot of checks and balances to ensure that the rights of citizens are not trampled upon (Chua 89). Most liberal representative democracies have always emphasized that the state should follow the rule of law for long term sustainability. This is as far as guaranteeing the existence of a given state is concerned. Therefore, the authority of the government should not be exercised using unknown laws as everything is supposed to be done in accordance to written, known and existing laws as per the constitution (Scheb 18). In fact, legitimate authority is enforced through known and acceptable procedures. Public disclosure of laws is the driving force behind liberal representative democracies because everything should be done to the knowledge of the public. The constitution has always acted as a guard in maintaining such forms of democracy. This is a representative democracy and it should emphasize on the liberty of its citizens as time goes by. The constitution should always act in the interest of the majority and this can be well achieved under this form of democracy. This means that the representatives should not act as the peoples proxies in any way. In this case, the wishes of the majority should be able to carry the day whereby they have the authority to carry out some initiatives that will take care of their interests. This is mostly necessary when people are facing various challenges that need immediate solutions which is acceptable. Therefore, in conclusion, this model provides an appropriate combination of freedom and equality beyond reasonable doubt. This is because of various reasons and practical aspects that have been seen in different countries as far as liberal representative democracy is concerned. It can be explained that this form of democracy provides a good combination because representatives are elected by people through free and fair means. Freedom and equality are guaranteed under this form of democracy because they are enshrined in the constitution which is always the supreme law of a given country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What is ‘liberal representative democracy’ and does the model provide an appropriate combination of freedom and equality? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that the law cannot be changed at any time by representatives at the expense of the citizens’ rights without them being involved and consulted (Chua 33). The rights of individuals are protected through enacted laws and this therefore enhances equality. In the process, the interests of minority gr oups in the country are also taken care of. The majority are respected in liberal representative democracies because citizens are always asked to vote in elections. Individual liberties of citizens are always guaranteed which promotes equality in the country. The civil society is given freedom to operate and this ensures that the rights of everybody are considered. Freedom and equality are provided for under this form of democracy because citizens can be given a chance to overrule a decision that will not take care of their interest through a referendum. Everybody is equal before the law and that is why it provides an appropriate combination of freedom and equality (Scheb 40). There are a lot of controlled institutions that guarantee constitutional rights that cultivate freedom and equality in any given country. All citizens in a liberal representative democracy are protected and this extends to property which enhances freedom and equality. This is because there will be equal opport unities for everybody in the whole country without fear of his/her property being confiscated. Works Cited Chua, Amy. World on Fire. New York: Doubleday, 2002. Print. Scheb, John. An Introduction to the American Legal System. New York: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2006. Print. This essay on What is ‘liberal representative democracy’ and does the model provide an appropriate combination of freedom and equality? was written and submitted by user Leilani Steele to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Saturday, March 7, 2020

buy custom Physiology and Pathophysiology essay

buy custom Physiology and Pathophysiology essay This article is talking about the new treatments and technologies that are available to aid in hearing. Of late, there have been advances in hearing researches which have shown that many people and more especially in developed countries like America are exposed to risks of loosing their hearing mechanism. This is brought about by working in noisy environments, diseases or even ototoxic drugs. Some causes of hearing difficulties are not easy to pinpoint and even aging can also lead to loss in hearing. There is the holy grail of hearing research which is out to restore hearing loss caused by damaged inner ear hair cells. Researchers have come up with an option that, introducing new cells which will behave like young cells with the ability to develop into cells of different types can assist restore hearing. This can be done through surgery. With noise induced hearing loss, N- acetylcystine (NAC) an antioxidant compound has been proved to reduce incidence of hearing loss by 25%. It is believed to neutralize toxins and helps injured tissue to repair itself and prevent other injured cells from dying. This lessens permanent deafness which is likely to be caused by noise (Fisher Pfleiderer, 1992). Another possible solution is the use of electrical stimulation inside the ear. This will restore and improve hear loss. This technology has been existing since the late 1800s and is working on well. The technologyhas assisted even those who are totally deaf by implanting an electrode array into the cochlea and then connecting it to an external audio processor to assist them hear. Tinnitus is another hearing condition where one hears phantom noise like hissing; hear ringing and clicking of sounds when these noises do not actually exist. This can be a serious condition to an extent of interfering with ones daily activities. The treatment for this condition include; relaxation music, use of neuromonics device which reduces the effects of tinnitus (Fisher Pfleiderer, 1992). With the new technology that has come up and that which is on the way, the future is promising for those experiencing hearing challenges and more especially the deaf. Reaction This is a good article as it is giving hope to those experiencing hearing problems due to various causes like noise, ototoxics, aging and medical problems. The problem of hearing is so common today and many people are loosing great opportunities in life because of not hearing. With the new technologies that are in existence today and those upcoming, lose of hearing is not going to be a problem any more in future (Roesser Ballanchanda, 1997). Individually I have handled many individuals suffering from hear loss. Some of them are potential people that can bring great changes to the world but this condition limits their abilities. One of my hiigh school teachers had to give up his profession due to loss of hearing. He was staying near a paper industry that was so noisy and he did not know that he was endangering his hearing. With time, he lost his hearing and resigned his job. His family went back to poverty because he was a widower and the breadwinner. His children could not access basic needs like food and clothing. They also dropped out of school. When he heard about the digital hearing aids, he tried it out and by good luck he could hear once again but with assistance of machines (Roesser Ballanchanda, 1997). It will be a good idea to not only assist these people with hearing aids, but to completely assist them get complete hearing in their systems. Wireless connectivity is turning the hearing aids into complete hearing systems and if this succeeds, we will have assisted the deaf and those experiencing hearing problems so much (Roesser Ballanchanda, 1997). Everyone experiencing hearing problems could like to be as mobile as any other normal person who can deliver and receive communication freely without problems. As a change agent, I can encourage our governments to support all those struggling to develop technologies of assisting the people experiencing hearing problems. For those experiencing these problems, it is good to seek medical advice as soon as possible before the condition worsens (Roesser Ballanchanda, 1997). Buy custom Physiology and Pathophysiology essay

Thursday, February 20, 2020

BMW Mini(Case Study) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

BMW Mini(Case Study) - Coursework Example Research has shown that the most efficient the operational management of the firm, the more industrious and productive a firm becomes. This report aims at analyzing the operations of the final assembly line at the Mini Oxford Plant at Cowley, and this will be achieved through evaluation of the applicability of various operational management theories and the managerial approaches used in the firm. Being an international organization, Mimi Oxford Plant needs to have defined operational processes and managerial strategies that enable organizations in meeting the needs of the targeted groups. To arrive at an evidence-based conclusion regarding the operations at the firm, various themes will be integrated to explain some theories that are significant in understanding the operational process of the organization. The delivery lead time will be assessed in the report, and this will allow for concrete conclusions and recommendations to be fostered to aid in the improvement of the operational processes of the firm. The recommendations made are based on the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities realized in the comp any with a focus on enhancing the performance of the firm. Mini Oxford Plant is owned and managed by the BMW that is a UK based Manufacturing Limited, and the major activities involved are manufacture of motor vehicle and motor spares. It is part of the Plant Hams Hall which is responsible for the production of engines, and Plant Swindon that is responsible for body pressing and where sub-assemblies are constructed. There are various models that are produced by the firm, and these are with inclusion of Morris Marina, Austin Ambassador and Austin Maxi among other models like Rover 75. The quality of the motors manufactured by the industry is great, contributing to its consideration as one of the most recognized motor manufacturing companies in the automobile industry along Toyota Company

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Ethical and Moral Issues regarding Intellectual Property Research Paper

Ethical and Moral Issues regarding Intellectual Property - Research Paper Example Though most countries and worldwide authorities have developed IP protection laws to help these companies protect their properties, there remain significant legal and ethical issues in relation to the IP protection between companies and between countries. This piece of research paper addresses the ethical and moral issues regarding the intellectual ownership and copyright. Ethical and moral issues regarding intellectual ownership Ethics, corporate social responsibility and morality have got significant importance in business in recent years. Businesses are expected to be ethical, moral and socially responsible and thus they are expected not to counterfeit, copy and steal intellectual properties of other businesses. Intellectual property, as Credo Reference noted, is equivalent to the physical form of private property that people are allowed to own aspects of their mental creativity and innovation, images, inventions, literary and artistic works and therefore these can be traded as co mmodities and thus an individual or company can apply for an idea to be registered as their own property. There has been significant debate about the ownership of the intellectual property, but as per the definition is given below, intellectual property is the right of an individual or company that invented or discovered it. ... Â  the intellectual property, who is entitled to granting the right and who has right to transfer it contractually are some of the concerns regarding the ownership of the intellectual properties. However, when an intellectual property like patent, royalty etc have been registered with an authority, it becomes the right of a person or firm to whom it has been registered. As Freeman and Peace (2005) noted, once the ownership has been acquired, it doesn’t end except by the destruction of the material thing or incorporation to another. The ownership of intellectual property is always temporal because it is restricted in time and some point coming to an end and therefore legally, ethically and morally the ownership falls within the public domain. Maughan (2004) emphasized that the ownership of the intellectual property, though technically the highest estate, is not absolute ownership, and therefore ethically the rights of the owner are socially circumscribed in many different ways for many reasons and this may be curtailed at any time. Ethical and moral issues regarding Copyright ownership A copyright is legal to form of protection that is afforded to an original work of art or authorship that has been developed into a physical and tangible form (Ward, 2007, 1). A copyright is initially owned by a creative author or authors from his or their works. But according to the law, a person doesn’t necessarily need to create the work to be its author for the copyright purposes (Irving, 2011). A very common example is the creation of employees who work for an employer.

Monday, January 27, 2020

Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Strategies

Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Strategies Amber Pegg Does NKY have the Most Effective Treatments Available? A Review of the Literature Drugs and alcohol have increased in acceptability over the years in the United States. Individuals use these drugs for mood alterations and medicinal purposes. Society is surprisingly very unaware of the epidemic that is occurring right under their noses. Annually, illicit drug abuse cost in average $181 billion dollars. (Office of National Drug Policy, 2010) Addiction and dependency both play an extreme role in the increase of use and both are extremely misunderstood. During the year 2013 21.6 million individuals were classified with Substance Dependence/Addiction (Administration, 2013). With addiction on the rise in North America it has been recognized as a public health crisis that is extremely multidimensional and complex. (Larkin, 2006) Drug addiction is classified as an actual disorder according to the medical association. Studies have began to show that genetics may indeed be a part of addiction. These studies are showing genetics may cause susceptibility to addiction in an individual. (Erickson, 2001) Drug addiction is classified into three groups; the first being preoccupation and anticipation, the second being binge and intoxication, and finally the third is withdrawal and negative effect. Those stages are described as, preoccupation with using the substance, constant cravings, using more than necessary, and experiencing tolerance. Addiction is having a severe craving for a substance. This generally also implies that a great deal of attention is devoted to the activity and interferes with the individual’s daily routine. Frank Tallis writes â€Å"At first, addiction is maintained by pleasure. But the intensity of this pleasure gradually diminishes and the addiction is then maintained by the avoidance of pain.† Dependency is said to be the compulsion to use drugs to experience psychological or physical effects. To be considered drug dependent you must have three characteristics; First they must exhibit tolerance, which happens after the body becomes familiarized to the drug, second they must show habituation, this is continuing to have the desire to use the drug after the physical need has ended, and lastly addiction this normally means a great deal of attention is devoted to this activity. In both addiction and dependence the primary goal of an individual suffering from these is simply to attain and use the substance. Commonly used drugs are often categorized into six groups, opioids, sedative-hypnotic, stimulant, hallucinogens, cannabis, and inhalants. In the Northern Kentucky area there are certain drugs that are more prone than others. These include but are not limited to, stimulants, opioids, cannabis and hallucinogens. Opioids include heroine and methadone. Heroin was introduced in 1898 as a cough suppressant, which depresses neural functioning. Heroin use has shifted within populations; literature shows that it was mostly low income minorities as to now where middle class Caucasians are the most prevalent users. (Cleero, 2014) The majority of opiates reduce anxiety and pain for a short period of time. Most heroin users will have the need for larger amount to get the â€Å"fix† but for some, overdose occur and death is the ultimate price. In 2011 heroin alone accounted for 16% of all admissions to treatment facilities. (services, 2012) The most common stimulant abused is known as cocai ne. Cocaine is a crystallized white powder, convenient for snorting. Stimulants increase alertness, decrease the need for sleep and often suppress the feeling of being hungry. This makes it very marketable to college students. Cannabis is often described as a natural drug and is often in debate as to whether it should be classified as something addictive. Marijuana has been cultivated for over 5000 years. THC can produce several effects Marijuana has the effect of relaxation and could give someone the perception of slowing time. What Are the Varying Types of Treatments available? Across the United States there are several treatment types available to those who suffer from substance abuse. Addiction treatments vary due to the complexity of the disease. Individuals may benefit from rapid treatments or they may need treatments that in other terms work to cure and take longer amounts of time and effort. (Riessman).In the last 30 years, there has been significant progress in the development and validation of psychosocial treatments for substance abuse and dependence, with a predominant focus on the validation of cognitive behavioral treatments (Dutra Lissa Stathopoulou, 2008) The office of Drug and Crime reported in 2012, â€Å" expressed in monetary terms, some $200-250 billion dollars would be needed to cover all cost related to drug treatment worldwide; less than 1 in 5 that need treatment will actually receive it. (Publication, 2012). Factors such as treatment length and intensity of individuals play a role into the success of treatment but studies have proven that there is a link between the two. (Finny, 1996) The following information will focus on the most dominant and relevant to NKY. With medically assisted treatment on the rise it has quickly become one of the most popular and user â€Å"friendly† though controversy over drug substitution has arisen within the treatment community (Kleber, 2008). Mattick wrote â€Å"Medically assisted treatments are more appealing than typical drug free approaches.† (Mattick, 2009) With the up rise in heroin and opioid use these treatments will continue to grow. Medically assisted treatments normally consist of one of three drugs to help intervene within the withdrawal and detox phase; Methadone, Suboxone, and Buprenorphine. Each of the three are considered to be moderately effective. There are drop in clinics that will supply the medication and are considerably accessible to communities. Medically assisted treatments can potentially cause addictiveness to the treatment itself. According to the SAMHSA data collected more than 300,000 individuals received medically assisted treatment in 2011. (Treatments for Substanc e Abuse Disorders, 2014) The National Institution on Drug Abuse classifies Detoxification and Withdrawal as the most common process. (NIDA, 2009)Detoxification is the allowance of the body to rid itself of a drug while managing the symptoms of withdrawal. (NIDA, 2009) Each treatment process must begin with the detoxification and withdrawal stages. An often misconception of these two are that while they are processes within each treatment they alone are not considered treatment, one must have follow up. There are several forms of counseling and therapy available to those in need. This ranges from individual, group, psychotherapy, couples, family, open and closed meetings. These sessions are available through insurances and some are right in an individual’s own community. These groups and sessions are great means for resources, networking and general support. Literature reads that cognitive behavioral therapy for substance abuse has been deemed effective; both in combination treatment and monotherapy. (Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, 2009). Cognitive and Behavioral treatment programs are focused on a short term approach. Motivational Interviewing and CBT are both evidence based treatments that continue to make strides in the treatment industry, (McHugh, 2010) Lastly, Inpatient and Outpatient rehabilitation. These facilities are structured similarly yet have extreme differences. While an individual is attending an inpatient center they are at the center 24 hours a day, each day. They will see therapist and doctors routinely for a minimum of 28 days. Outpatient facilities still routinely have therapist and doctors with their clients but they are able to return home in the evenings and be part of their normal routine. This also keeps them accessible to whatever the addiction may be. These programs allow individuals to use self autonomy in which treatment facility they feel would best suit them. Many would argue that outpatient is less affective when in fact studies have shown that there is little to no difference in outcomes between the two. (Moos, 1995) Steven Gifford included in his description of inpatient and outpatient unsettling statistics from NIDA; 23.2 billion individuals required treatment for substance abuse in 2013, only 2.4 bill ion were treated by some sort of drug rehabilitation. (NIDA, 2009) Gaps Included in the Literature The amount of literature readily assessable in regards to drug abuse and treatments available is incredible. There is an abundance of knowledge about the topic with reasonable resources at ones fingertips. We know that individuals who suffer from substance abuse are likely to choose a treatment that fits best to their needs and addiction but also at the convenience to themselves and their families. Finances and insurance can also impact ones decision to certain treatment programs. As to the question, Does NKY have the most effective treatments available the literature does not go into depth enough in geographical terms. There are many treatment options available but whether they are geographically reasonable to the rural and lower income are that is left unanswered. The statistics and information in very broad to the general. Though we know there are treatments in NKY area the question of are they the most effective continues to go unanswered. Works Cited Administration, S. A. (2013). Retrieved March 15, from www.drugwarfacts.com: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2013SummNatFindDetTables/NationalFindin#sthash.snuPjFav.dpuf Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies. (2009). Cognitive Behavioral Treatment with Adult alcohol and Illicit drug users. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs , 516-527. Cleero, T. E. (2014). The changing Face of Heroin. Journal of the American Medical Association , 71 (17), 821-826. Dutra Lissa, P., Stathopoulou, G. (2008). A Meta-Analytic Review of Psychosocial Interventions for Substance Use Disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry , 179-187. Erickson, S. W.-M. (2001). Drug abuse and addiction Research. Journal of the American Pharmacist Association , 41 (1). Finny, M. a. (1996). A qualitative synthesis of patient, research design and treatment. Explaining Abstinence rates following Treatment , pp. 787-785. Kleber, H. D. (2008). Methadone Maintenance 4 decades later. American Medical Association , 2303-2305. Larkin, M. W. (2006). Towards addiction as relationship. Addictions research and theory , 207-215. Mattick RP, Breen C, Kimber J, Davoli M. Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. McHugh, R. a. (2010). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Substance Use Disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 511-525. Moos, R. P. (1995). Three models of Community residential Care. Journal of Substance Abuse , 99-116. NIDA. (2009). Treatment. Retrieved March 30, 2015, from NIDA: http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/treatment-approaches-drug-addiction Office of National Drug Policy. (2010, December). Retrieved April 11, 20145, from National Criminal Justice Reference System: https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=255037 Publication, U. N. (2012). World Report. Retrieved April 2015, from Office on Drugs and Crime. Riessman, F. C. (n.d.). Social Policy. 27 (2), pp. 36-46. services, N. A. (2012). Center for behavioral health statistics and quality. Retrieved 4 5, 15, from http://www.samhsa.gov/treatment Treatments for Substance Abuse Disorders. (2014, 10 16). Retrieved March 2015, from SAMHSA: http://www.samhsa.gov/treatment/substance-use-disorders

Sunday, January 19, 2020

Philips Versus Matsushita: the Competitive Battle Continues Essay

1. How did Philips become the leading consumer electronics company in the world in the post-war era? What distinctive competence did they build? What distinctive incompetencies? Philips became the leading consumer electronics in the world in the post-war period by a strong investment in research and development of their independent national organizations, and good communication between the organizations. Philips has continued this tradition with fourteen divisions of product development, production and distribution in the world, which is another factor n the success of Philips, national organizations. Distinctive competence Philips They had built national organizations that recognize a great advantage of the situation and respond to differences in local countries had, and finally product development was based on local market conditions. They also had to transfer their assets abroad in trusts in the United Kingdom and the United States and they moved most of its research staff in England, and senior executives in the United States. There were distinctive in that Philips skills are no longer able to make decisions ad one company’s technology is o put new products on the market, but each had The national organization tried to take care of their own problems and but they have lost the ability to manage the company as a whole administration. They tried to establish areas of products, but they also failed. 2. How did Matsushita succeed in displacing Philips as No. 1? What were its distinctive competencies and incompetencies? Matsushita was able to move Philips as Number 1 in consumer electronics with a unified global strategy, allowing increasing volumes Matsushita to lower the cost of pushing the lowest price, and hey have finally surpassed the strength Philips its related manufacturing. Matsushita basic skills were they. Control of the company’s subsidiaries and a single global strategy, they were allowed to reduce their production and enhance the coastline there were distinctive skills that they do not develop the innovation and they were not able to develop innovative foreign companies. 3. What recommendations would you make to Gerald Kleisterle? To Eumio Ohtsubo? Both Philips and Matsushita changed its business some things better and some things for the worse.  Philips has its international corporate culture, but it seems that Philips is finally turning around again and again in his fundamental beliefs in research and manufacturing. It will be difficult, but with all the cost savings they had to do while trying to get there, and they need to have confidence in it. They used to make their production continues to improve in the development of research, but they need to promote innovation, to develop the company where he was. Matsushita will never recover it vocation is terrible and they were slow to respond to the recession in Japan. They lost their advantage in the manufacture of other low-cost competitors and they do not recover this advantage, because many companies have lost faith in Matsushita and how they do business. We think Philips and Matsushita are the same things need to improve their business. Both companies to consolidate their production by improving innovation, outsourcing products in low-wage countries, back with a strong research and development, and improve communication within the organization. If they do, there should be an increase in revenue over time. You lose money in advance, but it will be worth it in the end.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Challenges and Opportunities of the Global Insurance Industry

Introduction The global insurance industry seems to have escaped the worst of the financial crisis in comparison to other financial institutions. Day to day business has been relatively unaffected but the area that gave the most cause for concern has arisen from exposures to risky financial instruments. â€Å"The Reactions Magazine’s Global Insurance Conference 2009† was held in Swissotel, Zurich, Switzerland. At this conference the financial services industry tried to re set itself following the worst crisis for years. (www. euromoneyseminars. com). Insurance is an established industry. Like other companies insurance is facing increased competition from global players. It has been difficult for insurers to accomplish profitable growth, so they need to improve this. They will need to adopt new advanced approaches to expand their distribution networks. This essay is divided into two sections. The first talks about the types of risks that are present in the global insurance industry. I will take each of these points and discuss them in detail: growth, governance and risk management, market reporting, mergers and acquisitions, human capital and lastly compliance and regulation. The second section looks at the opportunities that are available to the global insurance industry within the next twelve to twenty – four months. They include: disaster modelling, disaster planning, managing the industry’s reputation, grow globally, innovative products and delivery and Focus on readdressing product and distribution strategies. The insurance industry is always looking for new opportunities in different services and geographies. To take advantage of these opportunities insurance companies need to re-examine their strategies and be prepared to drive basic changes in the way they work. The primary function of insurance is to act as a risk transfer mechanism. The basic principle of insurance is that the losses of the few are paid by the many. Its underlying purpose is to provide protection against the risk of financial loss, thus giving peace of mind to the policyholders. † (www. peerpapers. com) Challenges are getting bigger for insurers as an increas e in pressure for bigger profit margins. This means taking a hard look at reducing costs and top line revenue growth. Making a profit is due to the ability to accurately assess risk and look after customer relationships over time in order to get financial success. I am going to look at the following six challenges. 1. 1 Growth After a spell of cost cutting and readjustment, insurers are again moving up a gear and trying to strive for managed growth. While growth is valued by investors, it is hard to find in the fairly mature insurance industry. To be successful in the future companies will need to create and design new products and services, cross – sell more effectively, strengthen their ties with brokers and agents and avail of any opportunities presented by emerging markets such as China and India. (www. pwc. com). Further demand for pensions and health insurance is likely to rise in the Western world as the population ages and lives to enjoy a longer retirement. Costs will remain critical however to meet the ever exacting demands of today’s customers is liable to be the main point of contention. There are new openings from the increasing wealth of customers in new markets e. g. China. As their insurance industry is one of the fastest growing in the world with GDP at 3. 2% and the end of December 2008, they stand far behind the global average of insurance industry which stands at 7%. www. lloyds. com) Saturation of insurance markets in the developed world has made the Indian market more attractive for international insurers according to â€Å"Booming Insurance Market in India (2008-2011)†. This is due to its huge population base and large untapped market. (www. newsblaze. com) 1. 2 Governance and Risk Management Natural calamities are another challenge facing the industry. Global warming has caused a change in weather patterns which have caused a shift in the underlying probability of insured loss by storms, floods, wind and heatwaves. Natural disasters like hurricanes Katrina and Rita whose losses amounted to $61. 5 billion (www. duncansadviceonmmoney. vox. com) These disasters posed some very serious problems for the insurance industry as they are faced by difficult and uncertain financial burdens because of this this has shown the importance of quality data and calibration of model outputs, effective validation and also the experience and initiation of the underwriter. Structures will have to be put in place to tackle the threat of climate change. The development of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) capabilities help to protect insurers from damages to their reputation and provide a platform for strengthening governance, decision making and compliance with regulations. Pricewaterhouse- Coopeus (ERM for the insurance industry) revealed that many insurers have difficulty implementing and enforcing ERM in the face of containing data, systems and governance challenges. Also found in this study were examples of how resourceful and efficient management and helping to overcome these hurdles and bring greater insight to the insurers ERM missions. www. pwc. com) 1. 3 Market Reporting Insurers are facing a major overhaul of market reporting. This contains the launch of the market Casistent Embedded Value Principle, a planned move to a finalised IFRS level for insurance contracts and the increased risk and capital management disclosure foreseen by EU Solvency II â€Å"Scheduled for implementation in 2012, it is a new regulatory regime de signed to provide a principles-based supervisory framework for European insurers and reinsures. Solvency II is a risk-based system and is being built to meet the challenges of rapidly developing financial markets. It will also bring an increased level of transparency and harmonisation to the sectorâ€Å". (www. towersperrin. com). These changes are likely to set a model for global disclosure for others to follow in relation to risk. The key elements , include the possible adoption of IFRS(International Financial Reporting Standards) in the US form 2014. Implementation of Solvency II and IFRS reporting will be demanding. The good news is that corresponding timings and basis of valuation could open up cost – savings in areas like data, modelling and reconciliation. These changes help to increase stakeholder confidence by enabling insurers to show a single view of their business that shows more clearly how it is run on the inside. A survey by (IFRS 2007) insurance states that companies will need to provide more risk information and explanation to meet the exacting expectations that have come about from market events. (www. pwc. com) 1. 4 Mergers and Acquisitions Although funding is a challenge from time to time. Mergers and Acquisitions is vital for business to expand complementary earnings streams, realise opportunities for cost saving synergies and reinforce their existence in fast increasing emerging markets. Emerging markets are underinsured and these present potential business for the insurance market. Within ten years China is expected to become a leader in the global insurance market, while India is set to double its digits in the growth rate. However, due to cultural conflicts and protectionism could stop growth in economies. In the near future, the insurance industry is liable to be a very active period for mergers and acquisitions. US insurance companies attractive evaluation will make it easier for insurers in the EU to infiltrate the US market. (www. pwc. com) 1. 5 Human Capital All organisations in the world realise the importance of people in the conduct of their business therefore the trend of classifying their employees as assets. The human resource management school of thought tends to focus on the enrichment of the knowledgeable worker in terms of its theory. Human resource planning should be part of the total resource planning equal to planning devoted to capital development and materials and equipment purposes. Many insurers are facing an skills shortage in their workforce. Training and development of staff is now on the agenda as a rule in all organisations. Improved productivity is expected to result in trained and motivated workers. The employee training programs are intended to provide them with more knowledge and skills so they can do their job to the best of their ability. Training is a visible pay-off and is seen immediately whereas development is future- orientated.. Lessons are being learnt on a continuous basis in the requirement of human capital in the new economy in comparison to the old economic labour force. M Morley et al 2004). This investment in recruitment and career development lags behind other financial sectors. They look at short term fixes rather than looking at the long term prospects. However, looking to the future demographic shifts accelerating globalisation look set to change the shape of the labour market and make it more difficult to attract and retain good peo ple. (www. pwc. com) 1. 6 Compliance and Regulation Growing regulatory demands are bringing increased problems to insurers. Solvency II is included to require a critical check of capital and risk management along with sustaining information and documentation. The EU Reinsurance Directive gives a standard system of regulation and mutual recognition across Europe. This includes an ease of the regulatory limitations on securitisation which could give way for a large increase in risk transfer to the capital markets. Also they give a new definition of reinsurance that will prevent several contracts. Insurers are also facing a ceiling on regulatory changes including anti-money laundering and harder conditions on consumer protection. A key challenge is to know how to include these requirements into â€Å"business as usual†. Enterprise wide risk management can assist in providing ways to do so. They can help by giving a greater understanding of the trade off between reward and risk which will result in a brighter capital allocation. (www. pwc. com) As I have discussed in the challenges previously opportunities in the next twelve to twenty-four months can be found by global expansion adopting the latest technologies to give better service delivery and provide services to meet the exacting requirements of the next generation of retirees. The insurance industry is in the process of undergoing transformation as a result of the following three factors : sector specific, macro and operational. Increased regulation requirements outsourcing, globalisation, new distribution channels, more modern IT systems and climate change are adding to the increased volatility in the insurance industry today and they are now positioning themselves to be successful in the future that requires many changes in the way they do their business. China is one of the fastest growing insurance industries in the globe. â€Å"China Insurance sector forecast 2013† is the outcome of much research and in – depth study of the insurance market in China. Between 2009 and 2013 it is expected to grow CAGR of 28% – 30%. Chinas insurance industry is already out of the financial crisis and is expected to make great headway in the coming years. In 2008, the industry grew in the fastest pace since 2002, due to the rising insurance awareness level and government support. Insurance products which include life, health, and personal accidents accounts for the majority of growth. Property insurance products are also growing rapidly and are basically divided into two segments â€Å"motor and commercial property insurance†. Non life insurance products i. e. that is product liability, credit and marine insurance etc. These will decide the long term viability of the non- life insurance market. 2. 1 Disaster Modelling The tragic impact of the Asian Tsunami, as well as the worst Japanese typoon in 2004 was the year of improbable disasters. As a result, this forces us to look at how we prepare for such risks. Hurricane forecasting began in the 1980's, forecasters have tried for many decades despite being unsuccessful to deliver accurate predictions, and landfall activities. Scientists of tropical storm risk in London announced that they had developed a new model which represents a major step forward.. (www. lloyds. om) Insurers also use models developed by companies e. g. Air Worldwide Corporation to predict the damages caused by storms so that insurers can forecast the payouts to be made. (www. informationweek. com). This reminds us of the importance of investing in scientific research to help our understanding of risk and its impact 2. 2 Disaster Planning Insurance and disaster planning are closely related as they both deal with the risk of the disaster happening and the after math. Due to the upward trend of catastrophe events we see the need for robust and effective disaster planning for the future. Part of the solution must be insurance markets and their regulators working together sharing their respective knowledge and expertise. By doing this, we can be sure that response procedures are well tested and run as smooth as possible for when the next disaster strikes. In terms of claim handling, lessons can be learnt. The shortage of adjustors on the ground and the mishandling of claims by some shows how important the relationship between the insurer, the adjustor and the regulator is. As the frequency and cost of disasters goes upwards it will be very important to have a relationship based on trust and flexibility. (www. lloyds. om) 2. 3 Managing the Industry's reputation Improving transparency and disclosure are two issues which are needed to manage and improve the industries reputation that has been rocked by high profile developments. For instance in the USA the New York State Attorney Generals investigation sparked very close scrutiny of the commercial insurance market. In th e minds of customers, commentators and regulators the financial service industry has been left with a very poor image, after the recent investigations. These investigations highlighted the lack of transparency and accountability that are expected of a 21st century business environment. These issues can no longer be ignored. In a survey, by Lloyds of a hundred underwriters, one third admitted that the industries reputation is tarnished. Transparency and disclosure as well as good communication appears to be the answer to those outside the industry globally. Basically more time communicating and building bridges with consumers, economic leaders and world politicians initially means less problems down the line. (www. lloyds. com) 2. 4 Grow Globally Sales in new markets or by new acquisitions insurance companies need to grow globally more than ever before. Growth in the European and American market is slowing down while growth in India and China is increasing. The aging population presents insurers with a dilemma. The industry has great difficulty in attracting and retaining talent than other sectors of the financial services industry.. This situation is going to get worse as there are more retirees and fewer graduates moving into the top jobs. There is also a loss of graduates to banking and other financial institutions. Concern is expressed about the career path from insurance company hire to insurance agent. If this problem is not addressed the industry’s sale force would diminish. By moving into the European and American markets, insurers can grow a less risky strategy rather than expanding into new product lines. Those who do go overseas have to look at the various business lines in different markets. Chinas middle class and aging population with long term care and security needed make it a very viable option for foreign insurance companies. By 2010 China will be a major player on the insurance market. The same is also said of India. (www. rmislab. com) 2. 5 Innovate Products and delivery Innovation is seen as the main driver of profit over the next three and five years both in delivery and product innovation. By building relationships with customers moving them for example form car insurance to other insurances as they become asset rich. By providing better service and delivery insurers can strengthen their customer base. Technology can strengthen relationships with intermediaries which helps them run more efficiently and reduce their running costs. Insurers must look to cut cost they can do this by cost reduction initiatives like outsourcing and use of shared services, rationalizing product portfolios . Companies need original approaches and to continue to invest in this very complicated environment. (www. rmislab. com). â€Å"In 2007, AXA Equitable Life Insurance Co introduced a variety of enhancements to its variable annuities including an expanded choice of â€Å"living benefits† and the upbundling of optional income and death benefits† (www. deloitte. com) 2. 6 Focus on readdressing product and Distribution Strategies As the economy continues to even out, insurers need to evaluate their decisions and distribution channels. These decisions are vital in assisting insurers rebuild capital as well as positioning themselves for future growth. (www. ey. com). Insurance companies that sell directly through call centres, internet and direct mail have been performing better and this is due to lower costs because of their economies of scale and strong internet capabilities. Compared to independent insurance agents who lack these advantages have been put under pressure they require support and further development. Insurers need to find ways to work more effectively across product lines e. . give a customer packages that reward him/her for being a good driver. (www. deloitte. com) Conclusion In my findings I have found that the insurance industry has survived the financial crisis much better in comparison to the banking sector. This is due to its strong focus on risk management and long term prospects. Even though capital markets have decreased downwards their insurance assets, insurers are optimistic about the fu ture and some are expecting an improvement in prospects in mergers and acquisition over the next twelve to twenty – four months. The global insurance industry faces many challenges but despite these that they are being faced with the majority of insurers must move into fast growing markets i. e. India and China or find new innovative ways to get more businesses out of slower growing developed markets. China with its huge population is an obvious choice while the latter options include diversification, new products and speciality products. Insurers need to improve their risk management especially in the areas of disaster modelling and managing the industries reputation as it is vital to have a tarnished free reputation. Finally insurers need to work effectively and efficiently to develop and market a range of products aimed at older customers. In this intensely competitive market, employers will need to develop an excellent human resource management capable of responding to business needs and the workforce expectations. They will need to be able to identify and realise opportunities for career development prospects and other key areas of their employment. (www. pwc. com) With this knowledge insurers will be able to position their business models to optimize investment returns and control operations using the most effective and efficient methods available.